SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>BCD (character encoding)</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">BCD (character encoding)</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with four-bit numeric <a href="Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">binary-coded decimal</a>.</div>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1295905060">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">BCD Interchange Codes</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Six-bit_character_code" title="Six-bit character code">6-bit</a> <a href="Alphanumeric" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphanumeric">alphanumeric</a> <a href="ISO_Basic_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO Basic Latin alphabet">basic Latin</a> encodings</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>BCD</b> (<i>binary-coded decimal</i>), also called <b>alphanumeric BCD</b>, <b>alphameric BCD</b>, <b>BCD Interchange Code</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>BCDIC</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a family of representations of numerals, uppercase Latin letters, and some special and control characters as <a href="Six-bit_character_code" title="Six-bit character code">six-bit character codes</a>.

</p><p>Unlike later encodings such as <a href="ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, BCD codes were not standardized. Different computer manufacturers, and even different product lines from the same manufacturer, often had their own variants, and sometimes included unique characters. Other six-bit encodings with completely different mappings, such as some <a href="FIELDATA" class="mw-redirect" title="FIELDATA">FIELDATA</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> variants or <a href="Transcode_(character_encoding)" title="Transcode (character encoding)">Transcode</a>, are sometimes incorrectly termed BCD.

</p><p>Many variants of BCD encode the characters '0' through '9' as the corresponding binary values.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Technically, <i><a href="Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">binary-coded decimal</a></i> describes the encoding of decimal numbers where each decimal digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four.

</p><p>With the introduction of the <i><a href="IBM_card" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM card">IBM card</a></i> in 1928, IBM created a <a href="Punched_card_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Punched card code">code</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> capable of representing alphanumeric information,<sup id="cite_ref-Pugh-Heide_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugh-Heide-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later adopted by other manufacturers. This code represents the numbers 0-9 by a single punch, and uses multiple punches for upper-case letters and special characters.<sup id="cite_ref-Pugh_1995_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugh_1995-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A letter has two punches (zone [12,11,0] + digit [1–9]); most special characters have two or three punches (zone [12,11,0,or none] + digit [2–7] + 8).

</p><p>The BCD code is the adaptation of the punched card code to a six-bit <a href="Binary_code" title="Binary code">binary code</a> by encoding the digit rows (nine rows, plus unpunched) into the low four bits, and the zone rows (three rows, plus unpunched) into the high two bits.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The digit zero (a single punch in row 0) is usually handled specially in some way, and the digit code was extended to values 10 through 15 by combining a digit in the range 2–7 with a punch in row 8. <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> applied the terms <i>binary-coded decimal</i> and <i>BCD</i> to the variations of BCD <i>alphamerics</i> used in most early IBM computers, including the <a href="IBM_1620" title="IBM 1620">IBM 1620</a>, <a href="IBM_1400_series" title="IBM 1400 series">IBM 1400 series</a>, and non-<a href="IBM_700/7000_series#Decimal_architecture_(7070/7072/7074)" title="IBM 700/7000 series">Decimal Architecture</a> members of the <a href="IBM_700/7000_series" title="IBM 700/7000 series">IBM 700/7000 series</a>.

</p><p>Among the vendors using BCD were <a href="Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Burroughs_1967_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burroughs_1967-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Groupe_Bull" title="Groupe Bull">Bull</a>, <a href="Control_Data_Corporation" title="Control Data Corporation">CDC</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CDC_1965_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC_1965-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> (the computer division was purchased by <a href="Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a> in 1969), <a href="NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR</a>, <a href="Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, and <a href="Sperry_Corporation" title="Sperry Corporation">Sperry</a>-<a href="UNIVAC" title="UNIVAC">UNIVAC</a>.

</p><p>IBM announced the 8-bit <i><a href="Extended_Binary_Coded_Decimal_Interchange_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code">Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code</a></i> (EBCDIC), based on BCDIC, in 1964 with the introduction of its <a href="IBM_System/360" title="IBM System/360">System/360</a> line.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_characters">Special characters</h2></div>

<p>The <i>Recordmark</i> or <i>Record mark</i> character (represented as ‡) is a character used to mark the end of a <a href="Record_(computer_science)" title="Record (computer science)">record</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PCMag_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCMag-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BCD code for this character is 32<sub>8</sub> in some BCD variants. The closest Unicode equivalent is <span class="nowrap"><span class="monospaced">U+29E7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⧧</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">THERMODYNAMIC</span>, but that is not found in many fonts, so <span class="nowrap"><span class="monospaced">U+2021</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">‡</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">DOUBLE DAGGER</span> is often used instead. Functionally this corresponds to the EBCDIC <i>IRS</i> character (ASCII <i>RS</i>), X'1E'.

</p><p>The <i>Groupmark</i> or <i>Group mark character</i> (represented as <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"></span>) is a character used to indicate the start or finish of a group of related fields.<sup id="cite_ref-GroupMark_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroupMark-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BCD code for this character is 77<sub>8</sub> in some BCD variants. The groupmark was proposed for Unicode standardization in 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-Shirriff_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shirriff-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was assigned to value <span class="nowrap"><span class="monospaced">U+2BD2</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⯒</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">GROUP MARK</span>. Functionally this corresponds to the EBCDIC <i>IGS</i> character (ASCII <i>GS</i>), X'1D'. It is now in Unicode 10.0 at this position, but only the Symbola and Unifont fonts support it.

</p><p>The <i><a href="Word_mark_(computer_hardware)" title="Word mark (computer hardware)">Wordmark</a></i>, by contrast, is <i>not</i> a BCD character. Rather, it is a flag bit used to mark the end of a word on some <a href="Variable_word_length_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable word length computer">variable word length computers</a> such as the <a href="IBM_1401" title="IBM 1401">IBM 1401</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="BCD_code_variations">BCD code variations</h2></div>

<p>There are many different versions of the six-bit BCD code. There are three major categories of difference:

</p>

<ol><li>The mapping from zone punches to high-order bits. All codes translate no zone punches to a bit pattern of 00, but some encode the zone punches in 12-11-0 order, preserving alphabetical order, while others use 0-11-12 order, resulting in a partially reversed alphabet.</li>

<li>The handling of the digit 0. The straightforward translation from punched form would place the blank before digits 1–9, and encode 0 at the start of the line with 'S' in it. All codes have some special-case handling which either translates the digit 0 to the all-zero binary code (and moves the blank elsewhere), or gives it binary code 001010 (decimal 10) and moves the 8+2 punch elsewhere.</li>

<li>The assignment of special characters. The characters assigned to codes beyond the basic alphanumeric set varied widely, even within one model of computer. For example, some computers<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had the percent and lozenge (<span class="nowrap"><span class="monospaced">U+2311</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⌑</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">SQUARE LOZENGE</span>) at the same codes as left and right parentheses in other<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encodings.</li></ol>

<p>In "Spanish speaking countries", the character <i>"Ñ"</i> did not exist in the original system, therefore <i>"@"</i> was chosen by most manufacturers: Bull, NCR, and Control Data, but there was an inconsistency when merging databases to 7-bit ASCII code, for in that coding system the <i>"/"</i> character was chosen, resulting in two different codes for the same character.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_BCD_codes">Examples of BCD codes</h2></div>

<p>The following charts show the numeric values of BCD characters in <a href="Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> (base-16) notation, as that most clearly reflects the structure of 4-bit binary coded decimal, plus two extra bits. For example, the code for 'A', in row 3x and column x1, is hexadecimal 31, or binary '11 0001'.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tape_style">Tape style</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="48-character_BCD_code">48-character BCD code</h4></div>

<p>The first versions of BCDIC had 48 characters, as they were based on card punch patterns and the character sets of printers, neither of which encouraged having a power-of-two number of characters.

</p>

<caption>IBM 48-character BCDIC code<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68">: 68 </span></sup>

</caption>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td style="font-size:60%">space</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>This was based on a 40-character punched card code; the original 37 (10 digits, 26 letters, and blank), plus three commercially important characters added around 1932:<sup id="cite_ref-Mackenzie_1980_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackenzie_1980-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 67">: 67 </span></sup> <a href="Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">hyphen-minus</a> used for printing credit balances and hyphenated names, the <a href="Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a> also used in many names and addresses (<a href="Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a>, Mr. & Mrs. Smith), and the <a href="Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a> used to overprint unused fields when printing <a href="Cheque" title="Cheque">cheques</a>.

</p>

<p>Rather than following the IBM 704's storage representation, <a href="IBM_1401" title="IBM 1401">IBM 1401</a> followed the tape representation (descended from the 48-character BCD), thus using the all-zero code for blank and the code 10 (0x0A) for the digit zero. It had defined character forms for all possible values, for documentation purposes,<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_1962_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_1962-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but only 48 of the 63 non-blank characters were printable, and there was considerable variation in how the other code values (shaded in the table below) were depicted in practice. Even the other characters varied between different available print chains for the <a href="IBM_1403" title="IBM 1403">IBM 1403</a> printer.

</p>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td style="font-size:60%">space</td>

<td bgcolor="lightgrey">√

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

<td bgcolor="lightgrey">"

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

<td bgcolor="lightgrey">Δ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td bgcolor="lightgrey">⯒

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The BCDIC-A Code page was assigned as <b>Code page 353</b>, also known as <b>CP353</b>. Some of the characters in this code page are not in Unicode. (The duplication of '#' can be found in IBM's own documentation and is not a mistake here.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_CP_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_CP-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)

</p>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td style="font-size: 60%">space</td>

<td>√

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

<td>⧻

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

<td>Δ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td>⯒

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>At 0x1A is the record mark. At 0x3F is the group mark.

</p>

<p>The BCDIC-B Code page was assigned as <b>Code page 354</b>, also known as <b>CP354</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the characters in this code page are not in Unicode.

</p>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td style="font-size: 60%">space</td>

<td>√

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

<td>⧻

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

<td>Δ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td>⯒

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>At 0x1A is the record mark. At 0x3F is the group mark.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PTTC/BCD_code_pages">PTTC/BCD code pages</h4></div>

<p>PTTC/BCD had 5 options. There were five code pages. They are shown below.

The PTTC/BCD Standard Option was assigned as <b>Code page 355</b>, or <b>CP355</b>.

</p>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td style="font-size: 60%">space</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The PTTC/BCD H Option was assigned as <b>Code page 357</b>, or <b>CP357</b>.

</p>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td style="font-size: 60%">space</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The PTTC/BCD Correspondence Option was assigned as <b>Code page 358</b>, or <b>CP358</b>.

</p>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td style="font-size: 60%">space</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The PTTC/BCD Monocase Option was assigned as <b>Code page 359</b>, or <b>CP359</b>.

</p>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td style="font-size: 60%">space</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The PTTC/BCD Duocase Option was assigned as <b>Code page 360</b>, or <b>CP360</b>.

</p>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td style="font-size: 60%">space</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IBM_704_storage_style">IBM 704 storage style</h3></div>

<p>The IBM 704 reordered the BCDIC code to allow a normal alphabetic collating order internally, with 0 before 1 and A before Z. It could automatically translate between this internal form and the earlier BCDIC when reading and writing <a href="Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tapes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_1955_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_1955-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 35">: 35 </span></sup>

</p><p>The following table shows the code assignments for the <a href="IBM_704" title="IBM 704">IBM 704</a> computer. Unassigned code positions appear as blanks.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_1955_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_1955-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 35">: 35 </span></sup>

</p>

<caption>IBM 704 character set

</caption>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td style="font-size:60%">space</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>(<span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">+</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">0</span></span></span> and <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">−</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">0</span></span></span> were rarely used characters that corresponded to the punched-card convention of a digit 0 with an overpunched sign in rows 12 or 11.)

</p><p>The following table shows the code assignments for the <a href="IBM_716" title="IBM 716">type 716 printer</a> used starting with the IBM 704 computer and through the 7094.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_1955_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_1955-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 58">: 58 </span></sup> The 704 interface<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sent virtual punched-card rows to this printer, two words (72 bits) at a time, so the mapping from 6-bit BCD characters was done by software, and was not built into the printer.

</p>

<caption>IBM 716 printer character set G

</caption>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>This is a repertoire of 45 characters (not counting blank, which is handled specially by the printer), as the characters <code>+</code>, <code>-</code> and <code>*</code> are duplicated.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fortran_character_set">Fortran character set</h4></div>

<p>There was some variation; IBM 704 <a href="Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> had a different set of special characters (preserving only the duplicated <a href="Minus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus sign">minus sign</a> and <a href="Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a>, <a href="Period_(punctuation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Period (punctuation)">period</a>, <a href="Comma" title="Comma">comma</a>, and <a href="Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">dollar sign</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-704_Fortran_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-704_Fortran-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<caption>IBM 716 printer Fortran character set

</caption>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>A similar code was used for the <a href="IBM_709" title="IBM 709">IBM 709</a>, <a href="IBM_7090" title="IBM 7090">7090</a> and <a href="IBM_7094" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 7094">7094</a> successors,<sup id="cite_ref-Harper_2001_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harper_2001-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but with some of the special characters reassigned:

</p>

<caption>IBM 7090/7094 character set

</caption>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td style="font-size:60%">space</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>Below is the table of GE/Honeywell's GBCD code, a variant of BCD.<sup id="cite_ref-Bull_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bull-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td>?

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

<td style="font-size: 60%">space</td>

<td>\

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

<td>'

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td>!

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Burroughs_B5500_BCD_code">Burroughs B5500 BCD code</h4></div>

<p>The following table shows the code assignments for the <a href="Burroughs_large_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Burroughs large systems">Burroughs B5500</a> computer, sometimes referred to as BIC (Burroughs Interchange Code).<sup id="cite_ref-Burroughs_1967_2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burroughs_1967_2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<th>xF

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>0x

</th>

<td>≥

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>1x

</th>

<td>←

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2x

</th>

<td>≤

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3x

</th>

<td style="font-size: 60%">space</td>

<td>"

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">Binary-coded decimal</a></li>

<li><a href="Six-bit_character_code" title="Six-bit character code">Six-bit character code</a></li>

<li><a href="EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a></li>

<li><a href="SQUOZE" title="SQUOZE">SQUOZE</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are actually multiple card codes, e.g, by 1964 there were ten versions of the <a href="Keypunch#IBM_024,_026_Card_Punches" title="Keypunch">IBM 026</a> with slightly different character sets.</span>

</li>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The interface on, e.g., the 7090, is different, although the software still must do mapping.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFMackenzie1980" class="citation book cs1">Mackenzie, Charles E. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf"><i>Coded Character Sets, History and Development</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Systems Programming Series (1 ed.). <a href="Addison-Wesley_Publishing_Company%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.">Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.</a> <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-201-14460-3</bdi>. <a href="LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/77-90165">77-90165</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160526172151/https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-22</span></span>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6-tQAAAAMAAJ">[1]</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Pugh-Heide-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pugh-Heide_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPughHeide" class="citation web cs1">Pugh, Emerson W.; Heide, Lars. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511034402/http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/STARS%3APunched_Card_Equipment">"STARS:Punched Card Equipment"</a>. IEEE Global History Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/STARS:Punched_Card_Equipment">the original</a> on 2012-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Pugh_1995-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pugh_1995_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPugh1995" class="citation book cs1">Pugh, Emerson W. (1995). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buildingibmshapi00pugh"><i>Building IBM: Shaping and Industry and Its Technology</i></a></span>. <a href="MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buildingibmshapi00pugh/page/n65">50</a>–51. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-262-16147-3</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Jones-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJones" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Douglas W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/cards/codes.html">"Punched Card Codes"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Burroughs_1967-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burroughs_1967_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729015353/http://bitsavers.org/pdf/burroughs/B5000_5500_5700/1021326_B5500_RefMan_May67.pdf"><i>Burroughs B5500 Information Processing Systems: Reference Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs Corporation</a>. 1964. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/burroughs/B5000_5500_5700/1021326_B5500_RefMan_May67.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CDC_1965-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CDC_1965_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFControl_Data_Corporation1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Control_Data_Corporation" title="Control Data Corporation">Control Data Corporation</a> (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/cyber_70/60141900_Codes_Rev-A_May65.pdf"><i>Codes/Control Data 6600 Computer System</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-PCMag-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCMag_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/50300/record-mark">"Record-mark"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-GroupMark-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GroupMark_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O11-groupmark.html">"group mark"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Shirriff-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shirriff_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFShirriff" class="citation web cs1">Shirriff, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15083-group-mark.pdf">"Proposal for addition of Group Mark symbol"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>unicode.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-IBM_1962-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBM_1962_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314091317/http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/140x/A24-1403-5_1401_Reference_Apr62.pdf"><i>IBM 1401 Data Processing System: Reference Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. April 1962. p. 170. A24-1403-5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/140x/A24-1403-5_1401_Reference_Apr62.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-03-14.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-IBM_CP-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBM_CP_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121105830/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp00353z.pdf">"Systems i Software Globalization cp00353z"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www-03.ibm.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp00353z.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccsids.net/ccsids.html#ccsid-354">https://ccsids.net/ccsids.html#ccsid-354</a>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (help)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-IBM_1955-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IBM_1955_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBM_1955_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBM_1955_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/704/24-6661-2_704_Manual_1955.pdf#page=35"><i>IBM 704 electronic data-processing machine manual of operation</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1955. pp. 35, 58. Form 24-6661-2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-704_Fortran-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-704_Fortran_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014801/http://www.fortran.com/FortranForTheIBM704.pdf#page=51">"Fortran Automatic Coding System for the IBM 704"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1956-10-15. p. 49. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fortran.com/FortranForTheIBM704.pdf#page=51">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-15</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Harper_2001-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harper_2001_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHarper2001" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Jack (2001-08-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316102515/http://frobenius.com/characters.htm">"IBM 7090/94 Character Representation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frobenius.com/characters.htm">the original</a> on 2017-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Bull-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bull_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708104144/http://www.enterprise.bull.com/cd_doc/cd_doc_data/rj78a00.pdf">"Section: Tables of characters in BULL computers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enterprise.bull.com/cd_doc/cd_doc_data/rj78a00.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-15</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Burroughs_1967_2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burroughs_1967_2_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/burroughs/B5000_5500_5700/1028024_B5500_ExtendedAlgol_Jul67.pdf"><i>Burroughs B 5500 Information Processing Systems Extended Algol Reference Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1966. p. B-1.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212225201/http://www.enterprise.bull.com/cd_doc/cd_doc_data/rj78a00.pdf"><i>Operating System - GCOS 8 Operating System - Programmer's Guide - Bull NovaScale 9000 Series Assembly Instructions - GCOS 8</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="Bull_S.A._CEDOC" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull S.A. CEDOC">Bull S.A. CEDOC</a>. November 2003. 67 A2 RJ78 REV00. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enterprise.bull.com/cd_doc/cd_doc_data/rj78a00.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-02-12.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBonten2009" class="citation web cs1">Bonten, Jo H. M. (2009-03-08) [2007]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.kpn.nl/jhm.bonten/computers/bitsandbytes/wordsizes/unisys.htm#sixbit">"Data formats in old 48- and 36-bits computers: Six-bits characters"</a>. Geldrop, Netherlands. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616034037/http://home.kpn.nl/jhm.bonten/computers/bitsandbytes/wordsizes/unisys.htm#sixbit">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-06-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-16</span></span>.</cite></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Character_encodings589" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Character_encodings589" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encodings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cooke_and_Wheatstone_telegraph#Codes" title="Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph">Needle</a></li>

<li><a href="Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse</a>

<ul><li><a href="Morse_code_for_non-Latin_alphabets" title="Morse code for non-Latin alphabets">Non-Latin</a></li>

<li><a href="Wabun_code" title="Wabun code">Wabun/Kana</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_telegraph_code" title="Chinese telegraph code">Chinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_Morse_code" title="Russian Morse code">Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot and Murray</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li>

<li><a href="ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>

<li><a href="Teletex" title="Teletex">Teletex</a> and <a href="Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a>/<a href="Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a>

<li>World System Teletext

<ul><li><a href="World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">background</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcode_(character_encoding)" title="Transcode (character encoding)">Transcode</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Approved parts

<ul><li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1 (Western Europe)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2 (Central Europe)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4 (North Europe)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5 (Cyrillic)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6 (Arabic)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7 (Greek)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8 (Hebrew)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9 (Turkish)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10 (Nordic)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13 (Baltic)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14 (Celtic)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15 (New Western Europe)</a></li>

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16 (Romanian)</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Abandoned parts

<ul><li><a href="ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12 (Devanagari)</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Proposed but not approved

<ul><li><a href="ISO-IR-111" title="ISO-IR-111">KOI-8 Cyrillic</a></li>

<li>Adaptations

<ul><li><a href="ISO-IR-182" title="ISO-IR-182">Welsh</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">Estonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">Ukrainian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bibliographic use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ANSEL" title="ANSEL">ANSEL</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange">CCCII/EACC</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">ArmSCII</a></li>

<li><a href="BraSCII" title="BraSCII">BraSCII</a></li>

<li><a href="BSCII" class="mw-redirect" title="BSCII">BSCII</a></li>

<li><a href="Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Indian Script Code for Information Interchange">ISCII</a></li>

<li><a href="Perso-Arabic_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange">PASCII</a></li>

<li><a href="Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange">TSCII</a></li>

<li><a href="VISCII" title="VISCII">VISCII</a></li>

<li><a href="VSCII" title="VSCII">VSCII</a></li>

<li><a href="YUSCII" title="YUSCII">YUSCII</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code / EUC</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mac OS <a href="Code_page" title="Code page">Code pages</a><br>("scripts")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mac_OS_Armenian" title="Mac OS Armenian">Armenian</a></li>

<li><a href="MacArabic_encoding" title="MacArabic encoding">Arabic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Barents_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Barents Cyrillic">Barents Cyrillic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Celtic" title="Mac OS Celtic">Celtic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Central_European_encoding" title="Mac OS Central European encoding">Central European</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Croatian_encoding" title="Mac OS Croatian encoding">Croatian</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Cyrillic_encoding" title="Mac OS Cyrillic encoding">Cyrillic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Devanagari_encoding" title="Mac OS Devanagari encoding">Devanagari</a></li>

<li><a href="MacFarsi_encoding" title="MacFarsi encoding">Farsi (Persian)</a></li>

<li><a href="Macintosh_Font_X_encoding" title="Macintosh Font X encoding">Font X (Kermit)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Gaelic" title="Mac OS Gaelic">Gaelic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Georgian" title="Mac OS Georgian">Georgian</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Greek_encoding" title="Mac OS Greek encoding">Greek</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Gujarati" title="Mac OS Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Gurmukhi" title="Mac OS Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Hebrew" title="Mac OS Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Icelandic_encoding" title="Mac OS Icelandic encoding">Iceland</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Inuit" title="Mac OS Inuit">Inuit</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Keyboard_encoding" title="Mac OS Keyboard encoding">Keyboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Macintosh_Latin_encoding" title="Macintosh Latin encoding">Latin (Kermit)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Maltese/Esperanto_encoding" title="Mac OS Maltese/Esperanto encoding">Maltese/Esperanto</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Ogham" title="Mac OS Ogham">Ogham</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Roman" title="Mac OS Roman">Roman</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Romanian_encoding" title="Mac OS Romanian encoding">Romanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Turkish_encoding" title="Mac OS Turkish encoding">Turkish</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Turkic_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Turkic Cyrillic">Turkic Cyrillic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_Ukrainian_encoding" title="Mac OS Ukrainian encoding">Ukrainian</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DOS code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li>

<li><a href="CS_Indic_character_set" title="CS Indic character set">CS Indic</a></li>

<li><a href="CSX_Indic_character_set" title="CSX Indic character set">CSX Indic</a></li>

<li><a href="CSX%2B_Indic_character_set" title="CSX+ Indic character set">CSX+ Indic</a></li>

<li><a href="Iran_System_encoding" title="Iran System encoding">Iran System</a></li>

<li><a href="Kamenick%C3%BD_encoding" title="Kamenický encoding">Kamenický</a></li>

<li><a href="Mazovia_encoding" title="Mazovia encoding">Mazovia</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">IBM AIX code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">Windows code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Extended_Latin-8" title="Extended Latin-8">Extended Latin-8</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_French" title="Windows Cyrillic + French">Cyrillic + French</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_German" title="Windows Cyrillic + German">Cyrillic + German</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Polytonic_Greek" title="Windows Polytonic Greek">Polytonic Greek</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_language_in_EBCDIC" title="Japanese language in EBCDIC">Japanese language in EBCDIC</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> terminals (<a href="VT220" title="VT220">VTx</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Multinational (MCS)</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement (NRCS)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Code_page_1020" title="Code page 1020">French Canadian</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1021" title="Code page 1021">Swiss</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1023" title="Code page 1023">Spanish</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1101" title="Code page 1101">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1102" title="Code page 1102">Dutch</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1103" title="Code page 1103">Finnish</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1104" title="Code page 1104">French</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1105" title="Code page 1105">Norwegian and Danish</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1106" title="Code page 1106">Swedish</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1107" title="Code page 1107">Norwegian and Danish (alternative)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">8-bit Greek</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">8-bit Turkish</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical (TCS)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="RISC_OS_character_set" title="RISC OS character set">Acorn RISC OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Amstrad_CPC_character_set" title="Amstrad CPC character set">Amstrad CPC</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_II_character_set" title="Apple II character set">Apple II</a></li>

<li><a href="ATASCII" title="ATASCII">ATASCII</a></li>

<li><a href="Atari_ST_character_set" title="Atari ST character set">Atari ST</a></li>

<li><a href="Casio_calculator_character_sets" title="Casio calculator character sets">Casio calculators</a></li>

<li><a href="Intecolor/Compucolor_8001_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Intecolor/Compucolor 8001 character set">Compucolor 8001</a></li>

<li><a href="Compucolor_II_character_set" title="Compucolor II character set">Compucolor II</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">DEC RADIX 50</a></li>

<li><a href="DG_International" title="DG International">DG International</a></li>

<li><a href="Galaksija_(computer)#Character_ROM" title="Galaksija (computer)">Galaksija</a></li>

<li><a href="HP_Roman" title="HP Roman">HP Roman</a></li>

<li><a href="FOCAL_character_set" title="FOCAL character set">HP FOCAL</a></li>

<li><a href="SQUOZE#Identifier_name_character_encoding" title="SQUOZE">SQUOZE</a></li>

<li><a href="Lotus_Multi-Byte_Character_Set" title="Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set">LMBCS</a></li>

<li><a href="PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a></li>

<li><a href="PostScript_Standard_Encoding" title="PostScript Standard Encoding">PostScript Standard</a></li>

<li><a href="PostScript_Latin_1_Encoding" title="PostScript Latin 1 Encoding">PostScript Latin 1</a></li>

<li><a href="SAM_Coup%C3%A9_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="SAM Coupé character set">SAM Coupé</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharp_pocket_computer_character_sets" title="Sharp pocket computer character sets">Sharp calculators</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharp_MZ_character_set" title="Sharp MZ character set">Sharp MZ</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinclair_QL_character_set" title="Sinclair QL character set">Sinclair QL</a></li>

<li><a href="Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">Teletext</a></li>

<li><a href="TI_calculator_character_sets" title="TI calculator character sets">TI calculators</a></li>

<li><a href="Ventura_International" title="Ventura International">Ventura International</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_International_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Wang International Standard Code for Information Interchange">WISCII</a></li>

<li><a href="ZX_Spectrum_character_set" title="ZX Spectrum character set">ZX Spectrum</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> / <a href="Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of Unicode encodings</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_encoding_of_APL_symbols" title="Digital encoding of APL symbols">Digital encoding of APL symbols</a>

<li><a href="Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li>

<li>INIS

<li><i><a href="Mojiky%C5%8D" title="Mojikyō">Mojikyō</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Stanford_Extended_ASCII" title="Stanford Extended ASCII">SEASCII</a></li>

<li><a href="Stanford/ITS_character_set" title="Stanford/ITS character set">Stanford/ITS</a></li>

<li><a href="Symbol_(typeface)" title="Symbol (typeface)">Symbol</a></li>

<li><a href="Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Control_character" title="Control character">Control character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Prosigns_for_Morse_code" title="Prosigns for Morse code">Morse prosigns</a></li>

<li><a href="C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a>

<li><a href="Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control, format and separator characters</a></li>

<li><a href="Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a></li>

<li><a href="Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings in HTML</a></li>

<li><a href="Charset_detection" title="Charset detection">Charset detection</a></li>

<li><a href="Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_code_page" title="Hardware code page">Hardware code page</a></li>

<li><a href="Mojibake" title="Mojibake">Mojibake</a></li>

<li><a href="Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">Variable-length encoding</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Character sets</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-17" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=BCD_(character_encoding)&oldid=1301068327">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>